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Anxiety

Anxiety is your body's natural response to stress. It's a feeling of fear or apprehension about what's to come. The first day of school, going to a job interview, or giving a speech may cause most people to feel fearful and nervous.

Symptoms include stress that's out of proportion to the impact of the event, inability to set aside a worry and restlessness.
Treatment includes counselling or medication, including antidepressants.
Antiphospholipid syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), sometimes known as Hughes syndrome, is a disorder of the immune system that causes an increased risk of blood clots. This means people with APS are at greater risk of developing conditions such as: deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a blood clot that usually develops in the leg.

Symptoms may include blood clots, which may occur in the legs, arms or lungs. Recurrent miscarriages may also be common.
Blood-thinning medication can reduce the risk of blood clots.
Anorexia
An eating disorder causing people to obsess about weight and what they eat.
Anorexia is characterised by a distorted body image, with an unwarranted fear of being overweight. 
Symptoms include trying to maintain a below-normal weight through starvation or too much exercise. 
Medical treatment may be required to restore normal weight. Talk therapy can help with self-esteem and behavioural changes.
Aneurysm (brain)

brain aneurysm (AN-yoo-riz-um) is a bulge or ballooning in a blood vessel in the brain. It often looks like a berry hanging on a stem. A brain aneurysm can leak or rupture, causing bleeding into the brain (hemorrhagic stroke).

An unruptured aneurysm usually causes no symptoms. A key symptom of a ruptured aneurysm is a sudden, severe headache.
Treatments for an unruptured aneurysm include medication to control blood pressure and procedures to prevent a future rup
Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to, such as peanuts or bee stings.

Symptoms include a skin rash, nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing and shock.
If not treated right away, usually with adrenalin, it can result in unconsciousness or death.
Anaemia (iron deficiency)

As the name implies, iron deficiency anemia is due to insufficient iron. Without enough iron, your body can't produce enough of a substance in red blood cells that enables them to carry oxygen (hemoglobin). As a result, iron deficiency anemia may leave you tired and short of breath.

Iron deficiency often causes low blood cell levels (anaemia) and can delay the development of unborn babies. Treatment includes iron supplements and a focus on any underlying causes.
Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away (degenerate) and die. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia — a continuous decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that disrupts a person's ability to function independently.

Brain cell connections and the cells themselves degenerate and die, eventually destroying memory and other important mental functions.
Memory loss and confusion are the main symptoms.
No cure exists, but medication and management strategies may temporarily improve symptoms.
Alcoholism
A chronic disease characterised by uncontrolled drinking and preoccupation with alcohol.
Alcoholism is the inability to control drinking due to both a physical and emotional dependence on alcohol.
Symptoms include repeated alcohol consumption despite related legal and health issues. Those with alcoholism may begin each day with a drink, feel guilty about their drinking and have the desire to cut down on the amount of drinking.
Treatment involves counselling by a healthcare professional. A detoxification programme in a hospital or medical facility is an option for those who need additional assistance. Medications are available that reduce the desire to drink.