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Acid and chemical burns

chemical burn occurs when your skin or eyes come into contact with an irritant, such as an acid or a base. Chemical burns are also known as caustic burns. They may cause a reaction on your skin or within your body. These burns can affect your internal organs if chemicals are swallowed. 

Very mild chemical burns result in irritant contact dermatitis. Chemical burn from a strong acid or alkali is also known as a caustic burn.

Achalasia
A rare disorder making it difficult for food and liquid to pass into the stomach.
Achalasia results from damage to nerves in the food tube (oesophagus), preventing the oesophagus from squeezing food into the stomach. It may be caused by an abnormal immune system response.
Symptoms include a backflow of food in the throat (regurgitation), chest pain and weight loss.
Achalasia can usually be managed with minimally invasive (endoscopic) therapy or surgery.
Acanthosis nigricans
A skin condition characterised by dark, velvety patches in body folds and creases.
Acanthosis nigricans typically occurs in people who are obese or have diabetes. More rarely, it can be a warning sign of a cancerous tumour in an internal organ, such as the stomach or liver.
Dark, velvety patches of skin often appear in the armpits, groin and neck.
Treating underlying conditions, such as obesity or a tumour, may restore the skin.
Abscess
An Abscess is a confined pocket of pus that collects in tissues, organs or spaces inside the body. When an area in the body becomes infected, the body's immune system sends white blood cells to fight the infection. These cells collect and combine with the damaged tissue and germs, creating liquid called pus. An abscess is characterised by a painful, swollen lump that's filled with pus.
Treatments include draining the abscess and antibiotics.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
An enlargement of the aorta, the main blood vessel that delivers blood to the body, at the level of the abdomen.
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) can be life-threatening if it bursts. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are most common in older men and smokers.
An AAA often grows slowly, without symptoms. As it grows, some people may notice a pulsating feeling near the navel. Pain in the back, stomach or side may be signs of impending rupture.
Stopping smoking may slow their growth. Small ones may only need monitoring. Aneurysms that are too large or growing too quickly should be repaired with surgery.
AAA screening
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening is a way of checking if there's a bulge or swelling in the aorta, the main blood vessel that runs from your heart down through your tummy.

Your doctor can confirm the presence of an AAA with an abdominal ultrasound, abdominal and pelvic CT or angiography. Treatment depends on the aneurysm's location and size as well as your age, kidney function and other conditions. Aneurysms smaller than five centimeters in diameter are typically monitored with ultrasound or CT scans every six to 12 months. Larger aneurysms or those that are quickly growing or leaking may require open or endovascular surgery.
AAA
An enlargement of the aorta, the main blood vessel that delivers blood to the body, at the level of the abdomen.
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) can be life-threatening if it bursts. Abdominal aortic aneurysms are most common in older men and smokers.
An AAA often grows slowly, without symptoms. As it grows, some people may notice a pulsating feeling near the navel. Pain in the back, stomach or side may be signs of impending rupture.
Stopping smoking may slow their growth. Small ones may only need monitoring. Aneurysms that are too large or growing too quickly should be repaired with surgery.
Abortion
Abortion is when a pregnancy is ended so that it doesn't result in the birth of a child. Sometimes it is called 'termination of pregnancy'. Abortion can also be defined as the expulsion of a fetus from the uterus before it has reached the stage of viability (in human beings, usually about the 20th week of gestation). An abortion may occur spontaneously, in which case it is also called a miscarriage, or it may be brought on purposefully, in which case it is often called an induced abortion.