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Hiatus hernia
A hiatus hernia occurs when part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. The diaphragm has a small opening, known as the hiatus, through which the esophagus passes before connecting to the stomach. In a hiatus hernia, the stomach bulges through this opening. This condition can be categorized into two main types: sliding hiatus hernia and paraesophageal hiatus hernia.