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Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis is a condition characterized by the dilation or swelling of the kidneys due to the buildup of urine within the renal pelvis and calyces, often caused by obstruction of urine flow. This obstruction can occur at any point along the urinary tract, from the kidneys to the urethra, and may be unilateral (affecting one kidney) or bilateral (affecting both kidneys).